Physical Methods of Sterilization of Microorganisms.

I. Mechanical Causes of Death................................................... 2 1. Grinding and shaking. 2. Pressure. 3. Sonic waves. II. Death by Irradiation.......................................................... 8 1. Cause of death. 2. Effect of temperature. 3. Effect of wave length. 4. Sensitivity of different species. III. Death by Desiccation.......................................................... 14 1. Death during desiccation. 2. Death of dry bacteria. 3. Death by dry heat. IV. Death by Low Temperatures................................................... 21 1. Subminimal temperatures. 2. Cold shock. 3. Freezing. V. Death by Moist Heat.......................................................... 24 1. Thermal death point, thermal death time. 2. Order of death. 3. Death rates. 4. Temperature coefficients. 5. Factors controlling death by heat. 6. The unusual resistance of spores. VI. Death by Surface Tension Depression.......................................... 36 1. Effects of surface tension depression. 2. Wetting agents. 3. Combinations with disinfectants. 4. Bile solubility.